Homeschooling: A Growing Trend Essay -- Education, Parents, early edu

IntroductionToday, many p arents are homeschooling their children. A U.S. Department of Educations report shows that approximately 1.5 million children were creation homeschooled in 2007 (Lips & Feinberg, 2008). This is almost 3 percent of all school age children (Lips & Feinberg, 2008). A private researcher, the case fellowship Education Research Institute, estimates 2.5 million children were being homeschooled in the 2007 2008 academic years (Lips & Feinberg, 2008). By either count, homeschooling is growing exponentially. Parents have been teaching their children at home for centuries. During the 1970s, the pursual in homeschooling increased. Legal advocates had lots of opposition when pressing for the legal right to educate their child at home and change compulsory school attendance. The National Education Association fought to place restrictions on home schooling. However, most of the efforts have failed. As a result, homeschooling is legal in every state. Reason s for Homeschooling GrowthThere are numerous reasons why parents turn to homeschooling. Changes in the families and public schools drive the increase. Public schools grew larger, more bureaucratic, and more impersonal. Parents felt more alienated as the school was less(prenominal) responsive and less adaptive to cultural needs. This was combined with the loss of the Christian culture and curriculum the parents found offensive or against their social values (Gaither, 2008). The study reasons for homeschooling cited by two-thirds of the parents interviewed are concern about the school environment, dissatisfaction with the academic programs, and the desire for religious or moral instruction (National Center for Education Statistics NCES, 2004). Parents feel ... ...ated, this was not true of the homeschoolers. The homeschoolers also tended to vote more often. They were also involved in more community service than the general population. The homeschoolers were not isolated, but politically and socially active (Ray, 2004).ConclusionThere are a growing number of homeschooled students and it appears homeschooling is successful. Most parents homeschool because of the environment, both academic and moral. The states need to insure all children are being educated. However, the requirements vary by state. Michigan is the most liberal, not even requiring homeschoolers to report to the state. The internet has expanded the types of homeschooling. Combined with the availability of the public school system for specialized programs, homeschooling is now a more popular option. Homeschooling will continue to be a growing area.

The Complex Moral Issue of Stem Cell Research Essays -- Biology Biolog

The Complex Moral Issue of Stem Cell ResearchWorks Cited Missing For Sale One base miracle in a bassinet. Will cure AIDS, earth-closetcer, acne, possibly bad breath and athletes foot. Limited supply scarce, so call and reserve your miracle cure now, a.k.a. Human Fetus. only a couple of years ago the ad above would have seemed like something from a science fiction novel. However, now the pages of that novel are plan of attack to life. In 1998, James Thompson, a biology student from the University of Wisconsin, isolated the first embryonic stem cell. Contrary to the sound of its name, a stem cell is truly a piece fetus that has been aborted and allowed to develop for up to twelve twenty-four hourss or until he is about 100 cells big (Sullenger). Scientists are now conducting interrogation on these stem cell lines. A stem cell line comes directly from a single embryo. After that line is fully developed it can reproduce indefinitely, allowing hundreds of researchers to work with cells from a single line (Meckler). As of right now, at that place are only 64 stem cell lines existing in the United States. Out of those 64, only 24 or 25 are fully developed and ready for research. The research done on these cells is meant to find cures for diseases much(prenominal) as Leukemia, AIDS and other forms of cancer.There are many controversies concerning this area of research. The main one is whether or not the research done on human fetuses is a violation of a human existences life. The ones who say that it is not a violation believe that life doesnt start until the day of birth. On the other hand, those who do believe it is a violation say that the life of a human begins the minute they are conceived. In order to deem the stem cells, researchers must get the cells from an abor... ...cures for all sorts of ills, from diabetes and heart disease to Alzheimers -all without taking a single additional embryo (Lemonick).On the other hand, there was still the issue of whether its morally right to kill a human in experiamentation. To many, it seems like a waste for scientists to create stem cells only to do experiments on them, and then get rid of them when they are done, in effect, these humanistic apologists have created an entire group of throw-a counselling people, whose lives only have meaning in how they can serve the rest of humanity (Sullenger).This is one issue that wont be easily resolved, and it may never come down to being able to order a miracle cure over the tv. We live in an age of scientific discovery, and with that, anything is possible. There might even be a way for people to agree on the moral issues of the subject in the future.

Dream :: essays research papers

DREAMSTheories attempting to explain the origin and functions of REM snooze include (1) thatREM sleep provides stimulant drug for the development of the soul (2) that it performs a chemicalrestoration function, since during REM dreaming neuro-protein synthesis occurs along with therestoration of other depleted brain chemicals (3) that it provides oculomotor (eye movement)coordination, since during non-REM sleep the eyes move independently of each other (4) that itprovides a vigilance function, since REM sleep (stage I) is characterized by a level ofconsciousness close to the waken state (5) in a more recent and controversial theory, REMdreaming performs a neurological erasure function, eliminating extraneous information build-up inthe computer storage sy angry walk and (6) that, in a more cognitive psychological explanation, REM dreamingenhances memory storage and reorganization.Contrary to popular belief, dreaming is not caused by eating certain foods beforebedtime, nor by env ironmental stimuli during sleeping. Dreaming is caused by internal biologicalprocess. Some researchers have proposed the activation-synthesis hypothesis. Theirneurological research indicates that large brain cells in the primitive brain stem spontaneously fireabout every 90 minutes, sending random stimuli to cortical argonas of the BRAIN. As aconsequence, memory, sensory, muscle-control, and cognitive areas of the brain are randomlystimulated, resulting in the higher cortical brain attempting to make some sense of it. This,according to the research, gives rise to the experience of a dream.Now, as in the past, the most significant controversy centers on the question of whether dreamshave intentional, or actual personal, meaning. Many psychotherapists maintain that while theneurological impulses from the brain stem may activate the dreaming process, the content ormeaningful representations in dreams are caused by nonconscious needs, wishes, desires, andeveryday concerns of the dreamer . Thus, such psychotherapists subscribe to thephenomenological-clinical, or "top-down," explanation, which holds that dreams are intentionallymeaningful messages from the unconscious. The neurological, or "bottom-up," explanationmaintains that dreams have no intentional meaning. In between these two positions is anapproach called content analysis. Content analysis apparently describes and classifies the variousrepresentations in dreams, such as people, houses, cars, trees, animals, and color, though nodeep interpretation is attributed to the content. Differences in content have been discoveredbetween the dreams of males and females, and between dreams and occurring in differentdevelopmental stages of life. What these differences mean is under investigation.Some recent research seems to indicate that dream content reflects problems that thedreamer experiences in life, and that the function of such dreams is to relieve the emotionalresolution of the problems.

Lizzie Borden Essay examples -- Essays Papers

Lizzie BordenOn a hot morning on august 4, 1892, Mr. Andrew Borden and his wife, Abby Borden, were brutally mutilateed. A daughter of the victims, Lizzie Borden was arrested, tried and acquitted of the crime. She was a womanhood of spotless character and reputation, and more than that she was educated, refined and prominently connected with the work of the Christian church in the Fall River(Gates 2).The town and the country were divided in their opinions of who could commit such horrifying murders. Many theories have been made to explain that day the finger has been pointed in every direction- even a Chinese sunlight school student of Lizzies. To this day people are unsure as to weather or not Lizzie brutally murdered her parents. Background/SynopsisThe day started off with the usual routine. Mr. And Mrs. Borden made their way downstairs to eat breakfast a little after seven. The next to wake up was Lizzies uncle, who had shown up unannounced and with out luggage the evening befo re so he could visit a friend in the area the next day. The day of the murder he left the house at nine thirty. Prior to that time Lizzie work up, waited for her parents to finish eating and went downstairs herself to eat breakfast. (It had become a custom-made for her and her sister to avoid eating meals with their father and stepmother.) Not long after this Mrs. Borden asked the maid to wash the windows. She did as she was told and spent the rest of the day going end-to-end the house. Mr. Borden went out to run some errands then the came home, lay down on the couch and proceeded to take a nap. This was the last time that he was seen alive. (Martins, Michael, and Binette 72) After breakfast Lizzie went outside to the barn to find some metal of some sort so that she could use it on her planned fishing trip that day. In the twenty minutes she spent in the barn her parents were murdered (Martins, Michael, and Binette 78). An autopsy was done on the dinning room table later that day which determined that Mr. Borden was sleeping when he died. The cause of death was ten blows to the head with an axe (Porter 8). Meanwhile upstairs while making the bed, Mrs. Borden was murdered with a total of 18 gaping wounds, everyplace 1 of which went through the skull (Flenn 2). Lizzie was the first to discover her fathers body. The maid, who was resting in her room in the attic, was called... ...Sullivan, Robert. Goodbye Lizzie Borden. Battleboro, Vermont The Stephen Greene Press, 1974.2.) Brown, A. R. 1992. Lizzie Borden The Legend, the Truth, the Final Chapter. 400 p. Dell.3.) Engstrom, Elizabeth, Lizzie Borden St. Martins Press, 19974.) Flynn, Robert A. 1992. Lizzie Borden & the Mysterious Axe. 30 p. magnate Philip Publications.5.) Kent, David. 1992. Forty Whacks New Evidence in the Life and Legend of Lizzie Borden. Yankee Books.6.) Martins, Michael & Binette, Dennis A. 1994. Commonwealth of Massachusetts VS. Lizzie A. Borden The Knowlton P apers, 1892-1893 A Collection of. 400 p. Fall River Historical Society.7.) Spiering, Frank, Lizzie The level of Lizzie Borden. 8.) Edwin H. Porter. The Fall River Tragedy A History of the Borden Murders. Fall River Press of J.D. Munroe, 1893. 9.) Arrests To Be Made The Inquiries by Lizzie Borden About Poison Seem Peculiar. New York Times, Saturday, August 6, 1892 1.10.) Gates, David. A New Whack at the Borden Case. Newsweek, June 4, 1984 12.11.) The Trial of Lizzie Borden, with a history of the case by Edmund Pearson

Capital Punishment Essay -- essays research papers

On July 2, 1976, almost two hundred years since the United States of the States passed the Declaration of Indep removeence, the Supreme Court legalized capital punishment (Appendix 1). detonator punishment executed for the crime of theft. Since then there have been an estimated 18,000 to 20,000 population lawfully executed(Espy pp.194). In the eighteenth century, England would punish by ending for crimes such as pick pocketing and petty theft. After the 1650s colonist could be put to demolition for denying the true idol or cursing their parents advocates.Capital punishment has clashed for a long time in the forum of public opinion in state legislatures and most recently in courts. In 1972, the case of Furman vs. Georgia (Appendix 1) reached the supreme court. The court decided that punishment by wipeout did and then violate the Eighth Amendment and the prohibition against " uncivilised and unusual punishment." Because of this decision death reproves all over the cou ntry were set aside. Since then capital punishment has become an increasingly controversial issue. In arguments against the death penalty in the United States, several themes have remained constant. Abolitionists have always claimed that capital punishment is not an effective deterrent, or at least, nobetter than long marge imprisonment. Furthermore they argue that it imposed unreasonable risks in the possibility of executing the wrong person that a willingness to use it tends to brutalize society that it has never been administered in a morally unobjectable manner and finally that it is used mainly against relatively defenseless members of minority groups. During the past generation, opposition to the death penalty has been put into the mount of a struggle to wipe out racism. Among the foremost writers who have criticized the death penalty is Charles L. Black, Jr., Sterling Professor of Law at Yale Law School. In his book, Capital Punishment The Inevitability of Caprice and Mista ke, he deals with many of the problems surrounding capital punishment. In regards to race he asks the question, "Why are more than half the people on death row black in a country with about eleven percent blacks (78) ? According to a study brought by Black, in cases of a black killing a white, .214 are strong beliefd to death, while in a case of a white killing a black, .000 are sentenced to death (Appendix 2). In virtual... ...ther hand, what about an innocent person getting killed? Can we, as mere humans sentence another human being to death? In the end my feelings go with my religion. In a famous case in the Talmud, which surprisingly enough is cited in Blacks book, the death penalty is discussed.Jewish law is full of the death penalty. Yet as time went on the court in ancient Jerusalem, without changing the Law, devised procedural safeguards so refined, so difficult of satisfying, that the penalty of death could exclusively very rarely be exacted. So approved was this pro cess that it is said in the Talmud that when one Rabbi called "destructive" a court that imposed the death sentence once in seven years, anothersaid, " Once in seventy years", and two others said that, had they been on the great Court, no death sentence would ever have been carried out. It is my belief that in constructing these procedural safeguards to limit executions the Rabbis were making a point. In essence they were saying, "Though the justice of God may indeed ordain that some should die, the justice of man is altogether and always insufficient for saying who these may be." I believe in the concep

Capital Punishment Essay -- essays research papers

On July 2, 1976, almost two hundred years since the United States of America passed the Declaration of Independence, the Supreme Court legalized capital penalization (Appendix 1). Capital punishment executed for the crime of theft. Since then there suffer been an estimated 18,000 to 20,000 people lawfully executed(Espy pp.194). In the eighteenth century, England would punish by death for crimes much(prenominal) as pick pocketing and petty theft. After the 1650s colonist could be put to death for denying the true god or cursing their p atomic number 18nts advocates.Capital punishment has clashed for a long time in the forum of public opinion in state legislatures and most recently in court of justices. In 1972, the baptistery of Furman vs. Georgia (Appendix 1) reached the autocratic court. The court decided that punishment by death did indeed violate the Eighth Amendment and the prohibition against "cruel and unusual punishment." Because of this decision death sentences all over the country were set aside. Since then capital punishment has become an increasingly controversial issue. In arguments against the death penalty in the United States, several themes have remained constant. Abolitionists have always claimed that capital punishment is not an effective deterrent, or at least, nobetter than long term imprisonment. Furthermore they argue that it imposed unreasonable risks in the possibility of executing the wrong person that a willingness to use it tends to brutalize society that it has never been administered in a morally unobjectable manner and finally that it is utilise mainly against relatively defenseless members of minority groups. During the past generation, opposition to the death penalty has been put into the context of a struggle to wipe out racism. Among the first writers who have criticized the death penalty is Charles L. Black, Jr., Sterling Professor of Law at Yale Law School. In his book, Capital Punishment The Inevitability o f Caprice and Mistake, he deals with more of the problems surrounding capital punishment. In regards to race he asks the question, "Why are more than half the people on death row black in a country with about eleven percent blacks (78) ? According to a study brought by Black, in cases of a black killing a white, .214 are sentenced to death, while in a case of a white killing a black, .000 are sentenced to death (Appendix 2). In virtual... ...ther hand, what about an innocent person get killed? Can we, as mere humans sentence another human being to death? In the end my feelings go with my religion. In a famous case in the Talmud, which surprisingly enough is cited in Blacks book, the death penalty is discussed.Jewish law is full of the death penalty. Yet as time went on the court in ancient Jerusalem, without changing the Law, devised procedural safeguards so refined, so difficult of satisfying, that the penalty of death could only very rarely be exacted. So pass was this pr ocess that it is said in the Talmud that when one Rabbi called "destructive" a court that imposed the death sentence once in seven years, anothersaid, " one time in seventy years", and two others said that, had they been on the great Court, no death sentence would ever have been carried out. It is my belief that in constructing these procedural safeguards to limit executions the Rabbis were making a point. In essence they were saying, "Though the justice of God may indeed ordain that some should die, the justice of man is on the whole and always insufficient for saying who these may be." I believe in the concep

All human beings have a deep need for affection and respect Essay

Do you think that Steinbeck conveys the message that nearly all human beings have a deep film for affection and respect?Yes I do think that Steinbeck conveys the message that nearly all human beings have a deep quest for affection and respect because there is a lot of characters in the story that atomic number 18 very lonely and depressed, they need someone to talk to and to discuss their give birth problems with. Curleys wife is very lonely and she doesnt have anyone to talk to. She is the only woman on the ranch and isnt treated properly. She has a stargaze to start out and actress and she tells us the story about the time she was talking to a man and he told her that he would send her a letter back to become an actress and she is still waiting on the letter. She should be respected and it makes us release it.George and Lennies dream is to liv of the fata the lan. This means that they dream to buy their protest land and be there own boss and work there every day. They also w ant to be fed from there and Lennie wants to tend his rabbits. As soon as candy finds out that George and Lennie have a dream, Candy buys in to it by offering all his savings. Lennie and George are outcasts and exiles, the reason for this is for the fact that they are itinerant workers and they always work together and go everywhere with each other. This makes them outcasts because they always go everywhere together where as compare to other nation at that moment in time every one went on their own.Crooks is lonely and no one talks to him, he doesnt sleep in the bunkhouse with the other ranch-hands because he is black. This shows the racism at this time. When Lennie goes in to his room he tells Lennie to get out of it because he wasnt allowed in their rooms so wherefore should Lennie be in his room. It shows the way he is rejected from the others and that he has a need for deep affection.Curley is very bossy and he thinks that everyone is afraid of him. He bullies mess because th is is the way he can talk to people. He thought that he would be able to bully Lennie because Lennie looked stupid and very shy, but after he hit Lennie a few times so as soon as George told Lennie to hit him back he did so.Every person has a need to convey their affection and in Of Mice and Men Steinbecks shows this in different ways, with the different characters.

Lives of the Saints Essay

Summary Chapter 1In the opening of the chapter, the main character Vittorio describes the story that the book is written about. It has a beginning that occurred on a hot July day in the year 1960 in Vittorios home town of Valle de Sole, when his mother, Christina got bit by a snake. Vittorio describes his city as to have no holy places, ancient cites or ruins forgotten and unsung, just like hundreds of villages spread by dint ofout Italy. Vittorio describes how his father immigrated to America most four years ago when Vittorio was barely three years old. His grandfather was left crippled from the war when a horse crushed his foot and he was injured by a grenade. That day, his mother slipped out of the house making him promise that he would read his schooling books. Vittorios attendance at school was not very regular because he would spend much of class time wondering to the top of Colle di Papa or down the river with his friend Fabrizio and share cigarettes that Fabrizio had stol e from his father.Vittorio was sitting on his porch reading math books when he dose off. He was awakened by a muffled shout coming from the invariable. Vittorio ran to the stable and stopped short at the bottom of the steps and peeked through the crack in the door. Inside he proverb a green snake which slipped through the cracks of the stable and into the tomato garden. While Vittorio was watching the snake, the barn door opened, and a man with blue eyes swooped out of the stable. After Vittorio went inside the stable, he saw his mother pouring water into the pigs trough as though nothing has happened. Vittorio tells his mother that he heard a man screm and when she asked him what he saw, Vittorio replied that he didnt visualise anything. He then told her that she has blood on her ankle. In the conclusion of the chapter, Christina tells Vittorio to run up to Di Luccis and tell him to bring a car because she had been bitten by a snake.

Scientific Sessions

Name Ornella HaylesID Number 816008392 give lessons Sheldon Pilgrim Session Tuesdays 2-3pm3700030000 Name Ornella HaylesID Number 816008392Tutor Sheldon Pilgrim Session Tuesdays 2-3pm44000341947525002514604000070000455003536315690006939915370000455003536315350003520440Sci, Med & TechReflective Journal3600028000Sci, Med & TechReflective JournalSession Date 22/01/18Session No 1SessionTitle Introduction to experience & TechnologyIn the first session, the lecturer did an introduction of Science & Technology and an boilersuit view of the course outline.After the introduction, I got a perspective of what Science & Technology was. At first, I thought the course was going to be essentially, almost lore since it was mainly being mentioned, but I was wrong. The lecturer took her time to clearly distinguished between science and engineering science and its importance to society or the world in general.She ensured that we all tacit what she was lecturing by engaging us to respond to her que stions, it appe ared that she really wanted us to understand what was being taught so she went over what she said twice, two different ways which I appreciated. It helped me a lot to understand and grasp the concepts effectively. The use of visual cues holdmed to work well with the manikin as it captured our attention and do us receptive.Through research Ive come to realise scientists all throw away different perceptions of the word science. Science does not provide absolute truth, science is a mechanism. Its a way of trying to improve your knowledge of nature, its a system for testing your thoughts against the universe and seeing whether they match Isaac Asimov 1988. Science is important because it ordure solve some of our problems such as global warming and world hunger.I believe that science is still evolving and theres trial and geological fault with science which means we learn new information and we advance as humans but, it can all take years for such research or techn ology to be developed. Technology can be thought of as the application of scientific knowledge for practical purposes. Ive always considered technology and science to be separate now, through critical psychoanalysis I know that science and technology are closely associated with each other. Which means technology is a federal agency of science, it has been in existence since the prehistoric human culture (stone age).In my opinion technology is everywhere although we might not realise it our note books are a form of technology whereby we use our knowledge to document for practical purposes like computers. Overall for my first time doing this course it was challenging but, Ive come to appreciate science and technology more, subsequently I cant imagine having to sleep without a roof above my head or having to cook using sticks and rocks.Through this experience Ive got a spark of curiosity that makes me more enthusiastic to know more about science and technology. Scientists have reache d so far in the field of technology whereby spate can afford to do scientific research and make scientific break throughs from their own houses. The society we all know and accustomed to would be non-existent if it wasnt for the feeler in technology. Were so dep block upent on science and technology without realising it.23 MORE WORDS Session Date 29/01/18Session No 2Session Title Scientific Methods & The Nature of ScienceFor the second session, the lecturer started class with a recap of science. All of science is uncertain and subject to revision.The annulus of science is to imagine more than we could prove Freeman Dyson. To follow up with the course outline, she started the second topic. To my understanding science is like a puzzle, to see the full phase of the moon image you need to put the pieces together. This can be distinguished through the scientific process. The scientific method is a series of steps followed by scientific investigators to answer specific questions about the natural world Regina Bailey 2017.What surprised me the most about this process is the fifth step experimentation, which is the most important step in this process. This is so because it can cause study breakthroughs in the world of science or a reversal. Through science we can make technological advancements and end some of the world major problems. Fields of engineering are closely related to applied science.Applied science is important for technology development Wikipedia 2018. It is understood that through scientific knowledge scientists have been able to provide services for the wellbeing of humans. Through many experiments people have been saying technology is dear because it helps people medically and physically, it connects us as human beings and gives us entertainment. On the plus side technology is causing us to become less social.With this experiment, it shows how technology is applicated through private and public knowledge orientation. Scientific objectivity is a characteristic of scientific claims, methods and results. It expresses the idea that the claims, methods and results of science are not, or should not be influenced by particular perspective value commitments, community bias or personal interests, to name a few relevant factors. Objectivity is often considered as an ideal for scientific inquiry, as a good reason for valuing scientific knowledge, and as the basis of the authority of science in society Stanford Encyclopedia of doctrine 2014.To my knowledge there are three methods that scientists use inductive turn up, deductive approach and hypothetico -deductive approach. The inductive approach and deductive approach are opposite, where the inductive approach is based off fact then theres a conclusion whilst deductive approach is a valid type of reasoning. Induction starts with notice, then a pattern, tentative, hypothesis and finally a theory. In induction inference, we go from the specific to the general.We make many observation s, discern a pattern, make a generalisation, and infer an explanation or a theory Wassertheil Smoller 2017. Deduction has four stages theory, hypothesis, observation and confirmation. Deductive reasoning is a logical process in which a conclusion is based on the concordance of multiple premises that are generally assumed to be original Tech Target. Lastly hypothetico- deductive method which is seen as the only true method.What I understand is that the only way to truly test this is through experimentation which you either accept or reject the hypothesis and finally have an example. This weeks session journal was manageable enough for me.Session Date 05/02/18Session No 3Session Title Scientific Methods, Theories and ModelsIn this weeks session, the lecturer started with the scientific method, then followed with theories and lastly models. Science is empirical, which means that it is based on observation over theory or logic. In class, we briefly discussed the history of scientific m ethods. It is understood that Plato 429-347 BC did not believe in empiricism but reasoning.All knowledge could be obtained through pure reasoning (inductive), no need to in reality go out and measure anything, Plato 427-347 BC. Contributions have been more influential, particularly when it comes to science and logical reasoning (deductive) Aristotle 384-322 BC. Aristotle believed in empiricism.Personally, I agree with both Plato and Aristotle, for me science can be based on observation and reasoning also through empiricism where theres a logical way to test such observations. A major point in this weeks session was observation. Observation is knowledge or data we acquire through experimentation. An example of observation from what I understand is the writing up of labs (biology or chemistry) for labs you have to observe then write what you understand.Through my research in observation I came across this question which intrigued me Is creative concentration inherited? Lynda Barry 2 011. This brings me into another key example in topic three. When a baby sees his mother drinking in a cup, he tries to do the same with his cup, he holds it up and tries to take a sip from his cup. The baby first observes, then experiments.There are two types of observations, qualitative observations which uses your senses to observe the results and quantitative observations are made with instruments such as ruler, cylinders and thermometers which are tangible. These results are measurable. They could be used together or separately to measure data. Quantitative observation only gives statistical analysis after all the data has been gathered. What I understand from scientific theory is that its a repetition of a process of the natural to ensure the accuracy or legitimacy using a form of observation and experiment.An example of this would be no new evidence would show water is wet, or that you can see without your glasses. Experimentation is the process of performing a scientific pro cedure, especially in a laboratory, to determine something Oxford dictionaries 2018. From the information, I gathered from the session so far is that observation and experimentation are relate and there are two types of observation. A statement based on repeated experimental observations that describes some aspects of the universe is called a scientific law Wikipedia 2017. A scientific law doesnt explain the why or what of this observed phenomenon.The explanation of this phenomenon is the scientific theory, this is why or how they are related. In science, laws are a starting place Peter Coppinger 2017. The description of such phenomenon is called a model. These models can be physical, conceptual or mathematical it is often used in scientific theories.

Cooking Is Chemistry Essay

Cooking is chemistry. Everything is essentially chemical reactions. If you dont mix the correct amount of grams of hotshot element with another the product wad result to be horrendous. The formula of sugar is C12H22O11. When you mix a certain amount of that into a solution of weewee with the addition of tea you a drink called sweet tea. Lets say you mix add more C12H22O11 than water. Then your product will be syrup a comp allowely different mixture and ingredient. You went from a drink to syrup all because you added the incorrect amount of one compound. Now with the same molecules of sugar, lets add heat, air and water.When you stir these ingredients with dry heat you get cotton candy. Wish is composed of nothing but carbohydrates and water. The added heat disperses the sugar and changes the verbalise of the mixture from liquid to solid. Not enough heat will make it syrup and too much water will make it a drink. fit to research, at any time you crack and fry an unfertilized egg, you reconstruct a protein called albumin. The proteins are held collectively by intermolecular forces such as hydrogen bonds & hydrophobic relations. Heat interrupts these forces & alters the color of the yolk from clear to white.If you add NaCl to water, it will raise the boiling point of water. It will take longer for the water to boil. Therefore, with salt, you can step-up the boiling point of water 5 degrees. Another important concept of cooking is cleanliness. If the pabulums you eat are not properly handled and cooked, then you increase your chances of getting salmonella and other food related illnesses. If you heat you foods to proper temperatures you can eliminate the chances of bacterias and viruses being present. The DNA and structure of most viruses and bacteria are destroyed with heat, flame, water, salt, and other cooking elements.For instance, you may could a bloody burger but if you think, the cells and everything within the erythrocyte do not disappear. They are just evidently destroyed and no longer living. The blood cells hop of the pan or fly away. Cooking is chemistry without chemistry most of todays food would not exist. If you dont mix the right amount of grams of one element with another the product can result in being a different food . Chemistry allows foods to diverse, creating an ample amount of new ingredients and foods from different cultures. Everything is fundamentally chemical reactions

Brand and Indian Medical Association

Dettol Introduction Dettol is a fault which has been protecting India for more than 75 years. DETTOL is a brand of Reckitt Benckiser and has stood for trusted protection in India since 1933. The brand is endorsed by the Indian Medical connectedness and has consistently been voted as one of Indias Most Trusted Brands (ORG Marg Brand Equity Survey). Introduced in 1933, initially apply for cuts and wounds, Dettol soon took a life of its own in every Indian home. Families used it in myriad ways of wherever they felt the need for disinfection.Interestingly this multi-usage of Dettol healthful Liquid paved the way for the next generation of Dettol Dettol Soaps was born in 1984, giving consumers the same trusted protection for a 100% bath. in brief followed Dettol Shaving Cream for protection during shaving and Dettol Plasters. Dettol Liquid hand wash came in 1994 for protection in every hand wash and recently in 2007 Dettol Body Wash was introduced offering the protection of bathing in a modern, convenient format. Sources of information Methods of production a.Raw material With a soft nature, each liquid ecstasy contains healthy ingredient, help killing the bacteria and removing dirty and other harmful material while bathing. Adopt international advanced anti-bacteria technology, the high-effective agent not whole can kill the bacteria when washing, but also can form a protection in the surface, resisting the bacteria during the next 24 hours. Add ingrained fruit essence and nourishing ingredient, which penetrates into the skin from outside to inside. b. Machine Competitor Savlon, Suthol Soap industryLifebuoy, Lux, Santoor, Savlon, & Gogrej No. 1 Advertisement Dettol advertising starting in 1960s has centered on educating consumers on the need for protection from germs, while offering solutions to manage the problem of germs wherever and whenever they may occur. Starting then and money box now Dettol advertising has celebrated the role of a mother in prote cting her family Dettol launched Dettol Surakshit Parivar, a nationwide campaign, in association with Indian Medical Association (IMA) Problems Solutions Our suggestions Conclusions

Differences Between Beowulf and Achilles Essay

Beowulf and Achilles are different in many ways whiz of which is their character. Beowulf is a great warrior and leader who fought to protect his soldiers and to hurl places more peaceful. He also perfectly embodies the values of loyalty, pride, and courtesy. Achilles, on the other hand, is not as undismayed as Beowulf, even thought he was also a great warrior and had superhuman strength, he mostly fought for revenge, social position, and power. He was driven by a thirst for glory.Beowulf went on journeys because he wanted to show concourse that he is a reliable leader and that he can fight pretty more than anyone from monsters to dragons and all the other kind of creatures. He also wanted to show people how brave and protective he was. Like the story of his fight with Grendel shows everyone how intellectual he is most certain things and how he is not afraid of doing anything. The part of the story where Beowulf killed the sea monster shows that he is a reliable warrior and th at he gets his dividing line done no matter what he has to do.As I stated earlier, Achilles mostly fought for social position and power, and the death of his best friend Patroclus, didnt make Achilles more deliberative or self-reflective, wrath, pride, and bloodlust still consumed him. Achilles would also sacrifice everything just so that his name would be remembered. Which shows that the only that he mostly cares about was himself and what people thought of him.In my opinion Beowulf is more courageous because he would do just about anything to protect his people and that he is not afraid of anything. He also does that so people would find him as a reliable leader and wouldnt be afraid to be his followers. I also bet that he is more like a true epic hero because unlike Achilles, Beowulf isnt selfish and he doesnt seek for power or glory. He was a great warrior even though he didnt become a king for many years. Beowulf was also more reliable than Achilles, because Beowulf cared abo ut everyone, not just himself unlike Achilles.

The Strategic Plan for Ninestiles School

Development planning is the mechanism for a coach to specify its strategic and in operation(p) infractment activities. Strategy, as a long-run purpose, sets the counselling for condition and the nucleus lesson objective. However a better scheme is non sufficient by itself tho requires a sound short-run operational program. Davies, B. J, & A Ellison, L. ( 2005 ) emphasise that the strategic program turn ins a consistent manner of interpreting the nucleus moral intent of the school and its respects into action, influenced by a hereafters position and vision. With the coming of local room of schools, p bental pick, and the worldly concernation of school scrutiny conference tabular arraies, it is plain that a school takes to advance and market itself to avoid a autumn in axial rotations. One of the ch each(prenominal)enges which the school sets itself, hence, is to evolve a divulgeline of rules which re bonks and wagess savant accomplishment in order to better the school.This model scheme is produced for Ninestiles as a school betterment program. In this program I impart roll up and analyze the information and information from Ofsted, public presentation tabular arraies, and the school web site and school profile to sketch the strategic program. In add-on, I will urge operational actions and planning procedures. More significantly, by means of doing the appropriate links between the literature reappraisal and the instance keep up of school effectivity and betterment, I will bring forth an appropriate program to plump for up and advance whole-school and student success for further education and life sentence outside of school.Literature reappraisal instructs, as educational Centres, neer fail to pull tending from people, society and authoritiess since the eighteenth century. Consequently, every school has to spay to face contests. However, school effectivity and school betterment expect become the focal stage of training formatio ns in the recent universe.With information of economic system and society, schools can non shut their Gatess and leave the issues of outside universe in order to last and turn in turn toing the complicated alteration ch each(prenominal)enges in to the 21st century, which makes establishments more porous and permeable ( Elkind, 1993 ) . Schools hence need to do witting to face with alterations come from inside and outside of school.Fullan, Cuttress, and Kilcher ( 2005 ) outlined eight key alterations forces that all leaders would hold to understand, overcome and under government issue in schools. They ar ( 1 ) prosecuting peoples moral intents, ( 2 ) edifice capacity, ( 3 ) understanding the alteration procedure, ( 4 ) development civilizations for learnedness, ( 5 ) developing civilizations of pass judgment, ( 6 ) concentrating on leading for alteration, ( 7 ) furthering coherency devising, and ( 8 ) cultivating tri-level development. The eight alterations forces atomic num ber 18 non isolated and incorporate on an purpose of management in school.As an purpose of instruction, the moral intent is the greatest driver of alteration. moral intent in educational alteration is an orientation of school s spirit, that means to better society through to develop educational systems and so to raise quality of all citizen. Fullan ( 2005 ) stated that concentrating on leading is the most stiff lesson of alteration. It is non controversial, Collins ( 2001 ) and Mintzberg ( 2004 ) agreed with Fullan ( 2005 ) and pointed out that successful school need a effectual leading. Secondary scheme for school betterment ( The control school and pilot local governments, Defs and primary and petty(a) scheme, 2006 ) provides an overview of the indispensable elements of the secondary intensifying support programme, it as a counsel, makes mavin for schools development. The underlying subjectsConstructing leading capacityBettering the conditions for larningBettering the qual ity of instruction and acquisitionUsing informations intelligentlySupplying an engaging and appropriate feed of study primeing a acquisition community ( The pilot school and pilot local governments, Defs and primary and secondary scheme, 2006, p? )However, if Ninestiles School will turn to each of the subjects, the primary status is that there essential be an equal leading and complaint and acquisition conditions within the school. A good suggestion made by Secondary scheme for school betterment 2006 that is that a successful leaders should cognize as followedhow to get the better of opposition to anything new, grab chances and avoid jeopardyThat large springs are associated with large wagess and that incrental chage will take them nowhereThat the of import challenge is to alter people s deportments and that they can merely make that by act uponing their feeling every bit good as their thoughtHow to take alteration every bit good as manage itLeadership in school should turn to the position quo through set uping a sense of urgency, making a guiding group, developing a vision and scheme and pass oning both of them efficaciously . In short, leading should be able to detect out new ways and attacks of working through warrant of short-run wins and consolidating increase in order to ease more alteration. Rationale is that leading must assure that the nucleus activities of instruction and acquisition are cardinal to duty and answerability of the school ( The pilot school and pilot local governments, Defs and primary and secondary scheme, 2006 )As a general driver, developing civilization of larning supply a set of schemes for people larning from each some other. Change cognition requires furthering coherency devising in order to increase peoples corporate power to drive the system running frontward swimmingly. Dufour, Eaker, and Dufour ( 2005 ) stressed the necessity and power of professional acquisition communities while Fullan ( 2005 ) set beyond no npareil school and Pfeffer and Sutton ( 2000 ) commend that turning information in to actionable cognition is a societal procedureBlack, Harrison, Lee, Marshall, and Wiliam 2003 and Fullam ( 2005 ) emphasised one of the highest-yield schemes for educational alteration late developed is assessment for larning. Fullan ( 2005 ) claim that schools need to alter persons, every bit good as demand to alter contexts, cultivating tri-level development provide more learning in context ( at school degree, territory degree and province level,2006 ) .Barber ( 2005 ) provinces same point of view that eight drivers are keys to make effectual and permanent alteration. These drivers are widely accepted and submit become theoretic counsel for school s scheme.The first serious treatments and analyses of School effectivity emerged in the 1960s out of concern for equality of educational chance. In the beginning, surveies stressed societal background and heredity as the strongest influences. However, Wr igley ( 2004 ) and MacGilchrist et Al ( 2005 ) choose listed failings of the school effectiveness tradition ( 1 ) excessively narrow a position of accomplishment ( 2 ) over trust on quantifiable results ( 3 ) force per unit area of answerability through testing, conference tabular arraies and review and can falsify the pass of study, instruction and acquisition ( 4 ) set characteristics of effectual schools may non be easy movable. In fact, these issues are non concomitant phenomenon, how to avoid these disadvantages has become more and more educationalists consideration.In contrast to school effectivity, during the historic 30 old ages at that go in has been a parallel thrust for school betterment apply to accomplish organizational alteration through ab initio unsystematic attempts. Hopkins and Reynolds ( 2001 ) suggested that three elements should be taken into history when sing the development of school betterment a bottom-up attack to self-evaluation and betterment planning with instructor ownership greater focal point on student results through links with school effectivity community and going progressively gratuity- rase through strategic authorities intervention. In short, betterment demands change. Expediently, bottom-up self-evaluation is a fast and direct feedback for monitoring and following up betterment program, top-down authorities intercession is a drive force to oversee and press that schools must concentrate on instruction and acquisition.Hargreaves and Shirley ( 2009.p5 ) analysed that three ways of alteration have gone rather as followedFirst manner of province support and professional freedom, of invention but besides incompatibility.Second manner of market competition and educational calibration in which professional liberty is lost.Third manner that tries to voyage between and beyond the market and the province and balance professional liberty with answerability.Entering the fast, malleable and vulnerable new universe of the twenty-first century, we have to face dramatically new jobs and challenges. It is realized that the old three ways of educational alteration have non matched the new alterations and development, A 4th manner of educational alteration has been identified, based on the best of the old ways of the yesteryear without withdrawing to or reinventing the worst of them ( Hargreaves and Shirley,2009 ) . They insist that it is non a manner to retain bossy control over narrowly defined ends and marks. The 4th manner, instead, is a democratic and professional way to betterment that builds from the underside, tips from the top and provides support and force per unit area from the sides. Sing context of Ninestiles School, the 4th manner provide some inspirationLeadership is the cardinal campaign for development of a schoolEvery instructor should set duty before answerability. Michael Fullan ( 2009 ) points out that school alteration depends on what instructors do and believe. As a mor al intent, instructors should set duty before answerability it is every bit simple and every bit complex as this.Parents should be more to the full engaged. educatees as active spouses in their ain development are most of import.Back landNinestiles school is a 6th foundation school and it is a large than most secondary schools in Birmingham. It serves 1471 pupils ( 11-18 old ages old ) in the Acocks Green field of Birmingham but besides attracts pupils from other countries of the metropolis. Just over a half(prenominal) pupils are White British somewhat over 10 % are from Asiatic Pakistani backgrounds and similar proportions are of Asiatic Indian heritage. A particular unit attached to the school has 45 pupils with address and linguistic communication of community troubles. ( Ninestiles website 2011 )Ninestiles has been a specialist school for engineering for 15 old ages and has had use larning position since 2007. Ninelstiles school is committed to a course of study which aims to supply a acquisition environment in which all pupils irrespective of gender, ability, societal or cultural background, are encouraged to accomplish to their full potency, all the pupils have been exposed to a assortment if instruction and learning manners experience of cardinal accomplishments. School s mission is to fix all-around citizens who are able to play a full portion in the life in the community. By prosecuting aims with vision, Ninestiles seeks to prosecute the head, elevate the spirit, and excite the best attempt of all who are associated with the school.What does Ofsted state?Ninestiles School was to the full praised by Ofsted in 2009 and was judged as outstanding overall. Inspectors describe that Ninestiles has made legion(predicate) alterations in order to to the full run into the demands of all pupils and get the better of any barriers to larning ( Ofsted 2009 p.4 ) .Outstanding facets of the school includeStudents accomplishment, as the school is extremely e ffectual at actuating pupils who have made limited growth in the yesteryear. It is barely surprising that the huge bulk of parents are well-to-do to the school.Teaching and acquisition, because of consistent manner in which instructors plan lessons in the visible radiation of pupil s mark.Leadership and direction, as the cardinal precedences are to the point and based on the sound rating and school has been originative in developing high quality leaders at all degrees in the school.Student s personal development and wellbeing as they appreciate in mature manner about their school and class as brilliant function theoretical accounts for younger pupils.Other effectual facets of the school were noted by Ofsted as followsThe course of study is effectual in run intoing the demands of all pupils. The course of study is a major factor in guaranting first-class behavior and high degrees of motive amongst all groups of pupils. Work-based accomplishments, including teamwork and endeavor, w ork-related acquisition chances prepare pupils outstandingly good for concern or the following phase in the instruction. In add-on, pupils have chances to try a broad scope of classs. These classs is strong work-related dimension. Consequently, the Information and communicating engineering is used really good and extensively.The attention, support, aid and counsel are highly effectual to lend to the pupils outstanding personal development. Students are safe in the school and parents and pupils value a really good relationship with grownups. The rapid passage to an all-age tutorial system was handled really good.Governors are really effectual because they play a cardinal function in guaranting that many new developments are carefully considered prior to execution. Governors insist that best value rules are applied to all that the school does.Ninestiles in the Performance tabular arraies?Harmonizing the Ofsted study in the last four old ages, there has been a fluctuation in GCSE con sequences. Fortunately, there was a important come up in 2010 from 51 % to 64 % 5+A*-C including English and Maths. However, the public presentation of pupils at GCSE needs to be kept stable and if possible farther improved. More significantly from the tabular array as follows, it can be seen that compared with national and metropolis figures its GCSE public presentation is now higher. Here we should pay attending to CVA, in 2009, CVA suggested advancement in line with outlook at 997.1, but in 2010, the CVA raised dramatically to 1031. This suggests that in 2010 students made advancement well beyond outlook.Comparison with national and metropolis figuresYear schoolNational criterionBirmingham normNinestiles school200950 % GCSE 1000CVA48 % GCSE 1000CVA51 % GCSE 997.1CVA201053 % GCSE 1000CVA55 % GCSE 1000CVA64 % GCSE 1031CVABeginning informations DfE School and college public presentation tabular arraies.Ninestiles ain position of its effectivityNinestiles is efficaciously structur ed to react to the demands of twenty-first coke instruction. The school twenty-four hours has been carefully designed with modern larning demands in head. The wide and balanced course of study is antiphonal to single demands and the altering national context. all in all squads have a structured remit and an consciousness of the portion they play in making the vision.About Curriculum statementNinestiles School is committed to furnish a learning environment in which all pupils are encouraged to accomplish to their full potency. Students are assessed on twenty-first century accomplishments like teamwork and communicating. The pupils, their parents and instructor are all involved to take the degree or class in which pupils would wish to take. Ninestiles takes great pride in supplying chances for their pupils either at the academic or vocational development as it is believed that doing the appropriate links to the existent universe will non merely enrich their apprehension of the curr iculum democracy but will besides get down to fix them for farther instruction and life outside of school. The school twenty-four hours has been carefully designed with modern larning demands in head. Reality Baste Leaning ( RBL ) is mandatory for all pupils. This type of larning focal points on existent universe scenarios and pupils learn by replying jobsAbout work-related acquisitionNinestiles school has taking border position of work-related acquisition. It has been a specialist school for engineering for 13 old ages and has had applied larning position since 2007. Work-related acquisition is defined by school as any planned activity that uses work as a context for larning ( OFSTED 2009 ) . By supplying pupils with the chances and context in order to develop their work-related accomplishments, cognition and understanding. Such construct is based on logic of specialisation and it involves work-related acquisition within the classs for all students at cardinal phase 4. It occurs a cross the course of study when different topics and classs are offered to pupils. ninestile s mission is to fix all-around citizens who are able to play a full portion in the life in the community.As a typical engineering school school s schemes reflect our aspirations and we seek an appreciate the counsel and encouragement in transporting out these aspirations aims. Every pupil in the school has been exposed to a assortment of learning and larning manners, experience and work out existent universe jobs and leaves school with panoptic experience of cardinal accomplishments.Our aspirations are targeted non towards rankings but instead towards accomplishing a topographic point where take great pride in supplying chances for their pupils either at the academic or vocational development as it is believed that doing the appropriate links to the existent universe will non merely enrich their apprehension of the curriculum country but will besides get down to fix them for farther instruct ion and life outside of school.Key precedences for bettermentFortunately, Ninestiles School has made many alterations positively, but we can non shy away from confronting its failings. Harmonizing to the review judgement reported by Ofsted in 2009, there are six facets that should be improved and strengthenFor the group ( 16-19 ) whose public presentation reached comparatively lower class than others group, most facets review concerned with were at grade 2 or 3.The in-between music director working in ( 16-19 ) group should be adjusted and consolidated to to better tutoring and mentoring systems and heighten top-down bureaucratism, prescription and counsel.Finical support. Headteacher, with regulating organic structure and all staffs, analyses budget to contract school development program precedences with appropriate budget allotment. The school budget needs to be flexibly used to back up a push for betterment. ( Fullan, M. , Barber, ( 2009 )Use the award system. The award strate gy provide encouragement and acknowledgment for attempt and accomplishment. A survey conducted by Harris.L ( 1996 ) showed that the better the kids performed in all these old countries ( classwork, prep, attending, promptness, behaviour ) the more successful would both learning and larning become.Another must be emphasized is in footings of personal development and wellbeing for school overall, pupils had truly bad attending ( at class 3 ) and healthy life style ( at class 2 ) .Comparison with other similar school ( table 2 )School AttendanceNinestiles In 2009Ninestiles In 2010Birmingham In 2010England In 2010% of half yearss missed8.2 %8.5 %6.8 %6.9 %Unauthorised absence seizure2.3 %1.6 %1.4 % sullen absence9.1 %8.5 %4.4 %4.6 %Figure from OFSTEDFrom table 2, it can be shown that pressing job of Ninestiles school is hapless attending, there are two steps that should be suggested, one is parent meeting and calling.The 4th manner recommend parents should be more to the full engaged. T he school should present first twenty-four hours of absence naming place for all absentees and consult students and parents over wagess and countenance. Parents meetings should be held with all parents monthly and there should be hebdomadal updates by phone. In this instance, each pupils received monthly advancement cheque.Others is to set up award system. The 4th manner stressed the pupil as active spouse in their ain development is of all cartridge clip the most of import. Award system efficaciously build pupils assurance for their farther survey. It is traditional and really effectual for pupil public presentation including category work, prep, attending, promptness, behavior and public presentation at GCSE.The 3rd facet should be highlighted is for leading, review pointed the school s self-evaluation and community coherence did non exercise every bit good as outlook leading should acquire the vision right to increase urgency and construct the guiding squad. The schools white pa per ( 2010 ) emphasized school should better top-down bureaucratism and bottom-up support. It is good circle for self-evaluation .The policy has non been to the full updated to run into all current demands.The school policy and patterns should be shared and public in the school web site. There is a statement in the school prospectus which linked to development program marks. Policy and pattern are reviewed and updated every term in visible radiation of altering profile. This is besides a good manner for all ( pupils, instructors, parents and society ) to measure our school.The monitoring and rating of instruction and acquisition has non ever identified rapidly enough the advancement made by different groups of pupilsAll the grounds from different instruction system around the universe shows that the most of import factor in finding how good kids do is the quality of instructor and instruction. High quality instructor is cardinal fact of successful school. The school alteration d epends on what instructors do and believe ( Fullan ( 2000 ) . As a moral intent, instructors should set the duty before answerability. Raising launch demands and more preparation in or out-school is suggested by white paper. The school should guarantee all staffs must be in topographic point in order to better pupils public presentation.Specifically, the school needs to set up a particular group for the monitoring and rating of instruction and acquisition in order to react quickly to any fluctuations in advancement and proctor more efficaciously the advancement that different groups of pupils make in lessons. This group is to manage more efficaciously the advancement that different groups of pupils make in lessons, peculiarly in Years 7 and 8 ( Ofsted 2009 ) .pupils public presentation at GCSE need to maintain stable and promote and school s CVA should be Consolidated.Teachers are clear about their instruction ends that attempt on the school s highest-priority ends in ways most l ikely to better pupils public presentation of academic. In the instance, instructors create a strategic program for bettering the quality of instruction and do adept usage of bing learning stuffs in order to give more clip to patterns that enrich and clear up the content. To develop instructors harmonizing to program and do reliable their cognition and learning notwithstandings maintaining updated to fit the demands of societal and single s development.Precisely, School betterment group need run intoing with instructors to place and research the issue that are involved in placing students in old ages 9 and 10. this conference should be based on informations gathered earlier in the school from logbooks and treatment with pupil deputies.Furthermore, there should be voluntary after-school or lunchtime lesson provided by staff and an excess session, affecting strong links with external bureaus is based on test techniques, is organizedWhat issues/weaknesses have been identified?Preced ences for ImprovementProposed ActionsSuccess CriteriaFor the age group ( 16-19 ) whose public presentation reached comparatively lower Ofsted class than other groups in this school. For this group, most appraisals reached merely grades 2 or 3Improve quality of instruction and acquisitionAdjust in-between leading working in this group. entrap pupil aspirations through links with concern and higher instructionFor this group, mark of most appraisals should make above classs 2Students had truly hapless attending ( at class 3 with 8.5 % absence ) ,Improve attainmentWork with parents to advance good attending, recognizing links to attainmentthe attending to make 95 % relentless absence to be reduced to 5 % at grade 2.The school s self-evaluation and community coherence were non effectual every bit good as outlook. the policy has non been to the full updated to run into all current demands.Monitoring and rating of instruction and larning have non been ever identified rapidly plentyStreng then leading ramp up betterment groupMonitor and track advancement more strictlyschool betterment groups become progressively influential in driving up criterionStudent s public presentation at GCSE needs to be kept stable and promoted.Provide encouragement and acknowledgment for attempt and accomplishment.Establish good acquisition civilization in school.It will be anticipate to 70 % 5+A*- including English and Mathematicss by 2012DecisionIn recent old ages criterions have risen steadily in our school, the most of import thing is that a school is able to prolong this advancement or non when it confront with disputing circumstance sometime. It is shown above that Ninestiles School has won a well-deserved repute for its current effectivity and betterment from society and Ofsted while Ninestiles school has taking border position of work-related acquisition. the school assets, direction and societal supports all have been ready for Ninestiles to take obstructions for acquisition and made many alterations In order to run into all pupils demands. However, there are still many challenges that school has to face with.Ninestiles school can provides thoughtful and far-sighted strategic leading that create the environments that makes good learning pay off and larning efficaciously to back up and track our all aim. There has been an highly clear vision that reaches into every corner of this school.However, the most common position of scheme is to put the way of school ( Davies, B. Davies, J. & A Ellison, L. 2005 ) . It consists of some short-time purpose, that is First, school should beef up leading that should acquire the vision right to increase urgency and construct the guiding squad. Second, The school should set up evidence-based attack to bettering instruction and acquisition and better consistence in feedback and marker. Third, school should set in topographic point enhanced tutoring and mentoring systems to guarantee that all pupils are supported harmonizing to their demands. Finally, the school demands to put our appraisal system to guarantee that our enterprise on path and supervise our school as a whole is accomplishing the short term ends and long term aspirations.Pursuit of excellence, as counsel, sets an ambitious docket of aspirations by specific schemes and programs, which call for us to settle down to work in much land for one s ain responsibility and concentrate on coordination, steadiness, clearcutness, pertinence and existent consequence. Our school needs to guarantee that all pupils and instructors can be to the full equipped to do a difference in the planning period. In another words, the school should be already to be after the following stage of its development because of no best, but better

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Monomaniacs Games For Change Keynote lecture is about how much of an influence games have on society and the impact it can bring. Her two chief(prenominal) questions to answer during this lecture atomic number 18 What can games change? and What do games change? MacDougal presents a list of round peoples twitter responses to what games do for them. The first few responses refer to ones emotional state. People with Initial negative emotions such(prenominal) as sadness and anxiety can play games and end up feeling much better. other change she presents Is mental resilience.This refers too arsons mindset and how it Is altered with games. It Is possible for peoples confidence and performance levels to amplification after some time playing games. The next thing MacDougal talks about Is kind resilience. How people socialize and Interact with the people around them can change with game play as well. For example, many of the games In the present day are multilayer and present an opti on to connect with players around the world. This creates socialisation and Interacting with other online players who may even be real life friends.Before she alas about the science and information behind her lecture she gives us a list of how we can measure these changes when playing games. The list includes analyzing emotional, mental, neurological, social, self-efficacy, and competitiveness levels. In more general terms, MacDougal believes that games can change your life. MacDougal talks about an interesting mission of hers for this talk, which is to maturation the lifespan of everyone in this room by seven and a half minutes and even provides a formula to show where she got that specific number.A good point she brings up is that on our deathbeds, many people may end up regretting all the time they devoted to playing games. Many people will set up that the time spent in front of a game console or computer compulsive a virtual character could have been used more wisely. Sh e presents to the audience a list of the point five regrets people have. These regrets are functional too hard, not staying in fulfill with friends, not allowing yourself to be happier, not truly expressing yourself, and not living the life that stayed true to your ideas. MacDougal goes on to reckon that each one of these regrets can be answered by laying games.The first regret of working too hard can be because people wish they had spent more time with their family and kids. Games are the perfect solution for this regret. Playing games with friends and family can definitely strengthen bonds and relationships. The second regret of not guardianship in touch with friends can also be fixed through social games. MacDougal gives the example of social games such as Words with Friends and Formative that keeps people connected with others. The benefit games also produce Is that no matter how distant two people are, they canInteract with each other by these games. Games are also scienti fically proven to fix the third regret, which is not letting yourself be happier. MacDougal provides data from an East Carolina university stating that online games have really outperformed clinical activities of depression when It comes to making someone happier. The fourth regret of not expressing yourself more can be solved by creating virtual avatars and characters that can be molded and shaped Into whoever you desire. The last regret on the list is not living a life true to your dreams.

Marketing Concept and the possible limitations Essay

trade is outlined as a social and managerial process by which individuals and groups obtain what they need and want by creating and ex ever-changing carrefours and value with others.(Kotler.P 2002 5) The goals of trade is to attract new customers by promising superior value and keep and build up current customers by delivering delight. There are five core conceits of merchandising, which includes needs, wants and demand products, services and experience value, satisfaction and quality exchanges, transactions and kins and finally, market and marketing.After World War II, the variety of products increased and hard selling no longer could be relied upon to generate sales. Customers afford to be selective and buy products which can just met their changing needs with increased discretionary in make love. The mark questions arose What do customers want? Can we develop it firearm they still want it, and how can we keep our customers satisfied?In order to response to these disc erning customers, firms began to demand the marketing conceit. This involves foc development on customer needs before developing the product, aligning all functions of the friendship to focus on those needs, and realizing a profit by victoriously satisfying customer needs in long-term. In other words, in the context of marketing ideal, company must get-go determine what the consumer wants, and then produces what they wants, then sells the consumer what they wants.In marketing concept, more listening to and hithertotual accommodation of the target market occurs. two-way communication is emphasized in marketing so learning can take place and product offerings can be improved. Business must first fulfill consumers needs and wants. trade concept holds that the key to achieving organizational goals consists in determining the needs and wants of target markets and delivering the desired satisfactions more effectively and efficiently than competitors (online substantive 5)To illu strate the marketing concept, Peter Drucker, in 1954 saidIf we want to eff what business is, we must first start with its purposeThere is only one valid definition of business purpose to grow a customer. What business thinks it produces is not of first importance especially not to the future of the business or to its success. What the customer thinks he/she is buying, what he/she considers value is decisive it determines what a business is, what it produces, and whether it will prosper. (Online stuff and nonsense 4) selling concept was considered a break through with(predicate) in business philosophy. Its because it represented the antithesis of the product, production, and selling concepts. The marketing concept holds that businesses should first determine the existing needs in the marketplace and then design and produce a product to satisfy this need rather than taking an existing product and endeavoring to modify demand for it by reducing price or varying promotional techniq ue.Marketing concept plays an important part in an organization. According to the Customer Service Institute, it costs as much as five times as much to acquire a new customer than it does to service an existing one and that the customers tell doubly as numerous people about a bad experience over a nigh(a) one. According to their studies, 65% of the business of an fair(a) company comes from its presently satisfied customers. (Online material 4)There are a range of firms gain success and earns at a rattling high profit through the use of marketing concept.One of the voices of successful organization implementing marketing concept is JVC. JVC has been building and expanding its mobile electronics capabilities passim the last decade, and it now markets a complete line of mobile audio equipment and accessories. In the December of 1998, JVC noteworthy its success. (Online material 3)JVC launched revolutionary and market-making products like the worlds smallest CD changer, cutting- edge MD-to-CD receiver for audio aficionados, as well as JVCs loadedcar A/V system. JVC sees customers needs and wants and made an sample to fill their needs and wants, and satisfy them by expanding its product offerings and adding more varied and exciting features. They are very successful in satisfying theircustomer that their customers know that with JVC, they are getting the very best safe for their dollar. JVC is so successful with its marketing concepts that they ingest become a global leader in the ontogenesis and manufacturing of innovative audio and video hardware, as well as related software products.Another example of successful firm is the Thayer Interactive Group (TIG), an online hospitality marketing firm. TIG sees that consumer behavior has changed. People are exploitation the internet more than ever to make enquiry of different options prior to booking travel, and that they are glide slope hotels preemptively. Therefore, TIG targets individuals who are actively looking for lodging solutions at the precise place and time that they wanted to get.Because they know that the consumers nowadays are buying based on get more, pay little, their program offers the efforts first and only comprehensive suite of Web marketing services designed to make do all aspects of a hotels internet presence, AND bypass excessive fees charged by third-party travel sites.TIG even provides a customized five-part program website development and content management search engine marketing guerilla marketing and online advertising reporting and analysis and proactive account management. The objective is to deliver the travel consumer directly to one at a time managed hotel Web sites which allows them to maintain control of pricing and avoid excessive third-party fees.TIG is so successful that it is already generating an average of more than $1 million in incremental revenue per participating hotel. (Online material 2)Other successful firms which have adopted the mark eting concept are such asProcter and Gamble, Wal-Mart, Marriott, Dell Computer and so onThe marketing concept is founded upon the assumption that consumers are knowledgeable, intelligent, and rational, and base their product purchases upon a careful consideration of the relationship between their own needs and product attributes.However, do the consumers always know what is needed? In many cases, customers do not know what they want or even what is possible. For example, 30 years ago, how many consumers would have thought to ask for 24-hour Internet brokerage accounts and DVD players?Moreover, by focusing on customers needs, marketing concept ignore other important stakeholders. In order to implement marketing concept, a lot of research are needed to be carried out and it is very expensive to do such marketing researches.In U.S., the latest consumerism movement has caused limitations to marketing concept as well. Nowadays, consumers assert their rights to products which are safe, e conomic, reliable, honestly labeled and advertised, and products impact upon the environment. Moreover, consumerists have been very proactive in seeing that these rights are guaranteed, either by the firms selling the products or by the government of the U.S. In this, Peter Drucker blamed the marketers for failing their consumers and publics in using the marketing conceptWe have asked ourselves where in the marketing concept consumerism fits or belong. I have come to conclusion that the only way one can really define it within the marketing concept is as the shame it. It is essentially a mark of failure of the concept (Drucker P. 1969). (Online material 5)It is often interpreted for granted that the marketing concept is true. The concept is usually expressed as the assertion that firms which are marketing oriented will do better than firms which are not. This assertion is being put to test empirically by Massey University by comparing the financialresults of firms exhibiting high l evels of marketing orientation with those of lower levels. The result showed that in that respect is actually no clear association between adapting in line with marketing concept and success. (Online material 1)In order to adapt and implement marketing concept, firms have to be able to meet changing customer needs and wants, as well as competitor strategies. There are a cast of firms such as General Motors and Zenith, which lost substantial market share because they failed to adjust their marketing strategies to the changing market. Top management in an organization must ensue that all employees are driven by marketing concept. They must be driven by the marketing concept before they can appear employees to whole-heartedly commit to it. In addition, top management should foster an organizational culture and set organizational values that embody the concept by encouraging cross-functional communication and coordination directed toward satisfying the needs of the customers.Bibliogr aphyArmstrong G & Kotler P, 2002, Marketing An Introduction 6th ed, PrenticeHall, New JerseyOnline physical 1 Marketing Bulletin,1991,2,1-7,http//marketing-bulletin.massey.ac.nz/article2/article1b.asp 22/9/2003Online worldly 2 Business Editors,2002,Thayer Interactive Group Proves Marketing Concept to Hotel Industry,http//www.findarticles.com/cf_0/mOEIN/2002_Oct_7/92536200/p1/article.jhtml?term=%22marketing+concept%22 20/9/2003Online Material 3 Business Editors,1998,JVC Celebrates Success in Mobile Electronics With New Image and New Marketing Concept,http//www.findarticles.com/cf_0/m4PRN/1998_Dec_15/53402065/p1/article.jhtml?term=%22marketing+concept%22 20/9/2003Online Material 4 The Research Exchange Vol.5, http//www.ncddr.org/du/researchexchange/v05n01/adapting%20Marketing%20Concept.htm 23/9/2003Online Material 5 Robert D,Social Responsibility,Consumerism,and The Marketing Concept,1999,http//www.sbaer.uca.edu/Research/1999/SMA/99sma110.htm 24/9/2003

Why Go to Summer Program

Name Tham Wei Yie Matrics Number EEE110145 Faculty Faculty of Economics and Administration There be near of the reasons why I am interested to join for the summer program. Firstly, I can experience a unused horticulture. While on this program, I induce a chance to thoroughly experience the culture of the different soil. This occurs through direct application as a result of living with a family indigene to the region, going to school with true residents of the surface area, and through various different means.I will find myself completely immersed within a different culture once I have arrived in the foreign countries, due to differences in the cuisine, architecture, familial tradition, and even the ways in which people carry out conversation After having pass a significant amount of sentence within the country, I will become accustomed to the culture of foreign country and will find myself essenti eachy able to behave in the manner of a local.This excellent discipline o pportunity typic all in ally leaves me with better understanding for people of all sorts, and can in truth make me feel as though I have become citizens of the world. After the return to my country, I will likely enjoy sharing my new culture with those around my friends and relatives. In addition to learning of the culture of the foreign country, I will become beaten(prenominal) with the ways of carriage of people all around the world through meeting separate exchange students. This is guaranteed me to be amusing, and very interestingSecondly, I will learn a new speech. This is the opportunity that I have to learn a foreign language as I never had before. Being a student of going off others country is much like becoming a small child once again, and this provides the opportunity to become familiar with the language in the manner of a native speaker and I will become conversationally fluent if on a short term staying in the different environment. A new language will aid me in t he future by allowing me to explore new interests, and will likely in any case help widen my range of future career options.Thirdly, I can meet new friends from all around the world. During the summer program, I will have meetings and trips where I can get to meet other foreign students. . It is so much fun when I am get together with them because we have so much in common. I will also meet tons of native friends in the country and will have a close relationship with the rest of my life. Most summer program are present within multiple countries within the world as a result, I will typically have the opportunity to meet other exchange students, from a variety of countriesOftentimes, the program will implicate various outings with other exchange students, which are typically quite fun and interesting it is incredible to confabulate hordes of people from numerous foreign regions interacting with one another, forming friendships and promoting cultural understanding. One of the to t he highest degree challenging things may be ever experience, and it is wonderful to know people who are facing similar challenges during that time. The friendships one creates while on summer program are often very long-lasting and studded with great memories Lastly which is most important to me is personal development.I will be confronted with challenges in everyday life that I will have never before experienced. Everything is new, as the student adjusts to life within a foreign place with a completely different language and culture. Although this may seem utterly frightening, the difficulties associated with everyday life in foreign can truly teach me a countless life lessons. Even better, I have a chance to accomplish something very unique for my age living independently for an ext terminate period of time in a foreign country, without the aid of my natural parents.As a result of homesickness, feelings of alienation, or various other factors, I may occasionally go through time s of depression, but these must be ended through when I am taking the initiative to go out and enjoy my amazing new life Having enjoyed the good and survived the bad components in abroad, I will return to my home country with new strength, confidence, and self-understanding. Few other experiences can help me to gain these qualities so early on in life that is truly the magic of summer program.

Fraternal and Identical Twins

Not any equalises act the same, even the bingles that argon analogous. They may come close to the same way. Fraternal and Identical Twins remove some of the same traits however be unimpeachably non the same. All tally, whether fraternal or identical, ar truly cardinal separate unique individuals.There be four different types of duplicate. The first is fraternal twin that either never divided or divides within the first four days and have two separate amnionic sacs and placentas. This is included for almost all fraternal jibe. The second is Identical check that sh be the same placenta, hardly have two amniotic sacs.This reachs when the fertilized egg splits in 4-8 days and is most likely to occur in 60-70% of all identical twin pregnancies. The third is in addition identical twins that share the same amniotic sac and appear when the embryo splits after 9 days.The last and most un crude type of twins are the conjoined twins, which occurs when fraction takes place later than 12 days after fertilization. This merchantman cause the embryos to stimulate joined together on some part of their body. Identical Twins are most unique. They are the most admired and some beats the most notable.It is rememberd by most that this is the most common type of twin. This is not a proven fact because fraternal twins have become the norm, maculation identical twins have become somewhat of rarity. There are 3 different ways that identical twins can develop and be carriedThe first case is where in that respect is only one placenta that feeds the babies, but there can be two amniotic sacs. When there is 1 placenta and 2 amniotic sacs then the drawhood is referred to as having an identical pregnancy. Twins may overly occur from invitrofertilization.This is when severalfertilized ballock are rigid inside the mother, with the hope of one of them becoming an embryo. This can sometimes lead to one or more(prenominal)(prenominal) of the eggs becoming an embry o. Identical twins share a single egg but are fertilized by one sperm. The egg splits into two identical halves.This usually takes place within the first some days of fertilization. Identical twins share the same DNA and are always the same wake up and same blood type. However, they do not have the same fingerprints. This is somewhat a shocker since most of the TV detective shows often portray identical twins that are identical in every way.Scientists believe that the reason that this is not prevalent is because they often dont have the same exploratory specimen as the opposite twin. While in the womb, they do share the same placenta. Identical twins are similar in appearance and are relatively easy to tell apart.They also seem to occur randomly, three out of 1000 births. This is why they less common as fraternal twins. Fraternal twins come about when a woman releases two separate eggs at the same time. The eggs are fertilized by two separate sperm. Fraternal twins can be the sam e energize and blood type.They have become more common among older women over the come along of thirty-five. There is dummy up a lot of research as to why this is so for mature women. Fraternal twins also have separate placentas and dont share the same of anything. They have the most distinct features but you can be able to tell them apart.Some of the most recognizable fraternal twins would be Mary-Kate and Ashley Olsen. They tonicity identical but are fraternal twins who look so much alike in appearance. This can cause the person with keen eyes to be easily deceived into thinking that they are identical twins.Scientists also think that fraternal twinning may be due to hereditary influences. It has been studied that more women commonly have several sets of fraternal twins throughout many generations in the family. It is a common misconception that twins only come from the mothers side.This is found only to be true when the initiate is the one with twins in the family or is a tw in himself. The males parent can have several sets of twins and still may not be in indicator as to where they will actually have twins themselves.The male only provides the sperm. The female is the only one who releases two eggs at the same time. This is where the mothers genes become the one that has created the twins. The female can acquire the gene from the grandmother or aunt on her fathers side. Some people have the misconception that the mother inherits the twin gene from the mothers side. Clearly, this isnt the case. It also is more common in women of African descent to have twins and less in women of Asian descent. It is easier to tell the differences after the twins are born.Fraternal twins are about as alike as a brother and a sister. Most people have heard or even actually seen an episode of Maury Povich where some women are certain that their fraternal twins share the same father. It becomes a shocker when Maury announces that one man is the father of one child, while he is not the father of the other. Talk about a jaw dropper. That pisseds that the mother had sex with two different men, in a small time frame. Development issues can also indicate whether your babies are twins or not.Identical twins usually have very similar developmental patterns. They do things often within days of each other, which means you might see them speaking and travel at different times but within days. Fraternal twins may have gigantic differences in these patterns.There may be one twin who is equal to the developmental stage that is recommended at their age and the other one who may need a little more time to grow. This doesnt mean they will have developmental issues down the line but rather they need more time to develop.In conclusion, fraternal twins are composed of two separate eggs and sperms, while identical twins come from the same fertilized egg that has been split in two. Fraternal twins vary in their appearance, while identical twins tend to look the same. Fraternal twins may grow at different rates, but identical twins will follow the same pattern of growth. It almost makes you wonder if what researchers believe to be true, everyone is born with a twin. If that is the case, there are one more of you running around the world. This could be a good or bad thing, which are you?

Ethos: Education and School

In this designation I pull up stakesing be lecture about how Ethos, Missions, Aims and Values be used deep down the running of the school. And how it inspection and repairs to volunteer the highest standard of curriculum for children. As well as how this information is avali commensurate to p atomic number 18nts, and where they atomic number 18 able to obtain this information. Ethos A schools ethos avails to to knack a model which ordain help the school to supply a safe and secure skill environment. This depart help to reflect its set for a good working environment.A schools positive overall ethos process will picture the school community and all its members with an environment which is paramount for obtaining a successful learning environment for all. A schools ethos is also an agreement which concerns itself with the character and spirit of a particular school, as well as making sure enough it is reflected in the attitude of the school including the expectations of staff and children. Missions Missions within a school is to help to go forth a statement of the values and principles, which help to guides a schools curriculum.It will also help the school to set program goals and objectives. Missions should make clear its purposes with which the school is postureing to pass and the values and standards, with which this is guiding to help and of which they are consistent. Aims and values Aims are similar to mission statements in order to make sure that every child matters. As well as parents and the community work together to provide the children with the best care. As well as helping each and every child is helped in developing skills which they will use for life big learning.As well as learning through a broad and balanced curriculum which will help them to become responsible adults. Values play an important part in helping children to feel that they are special in their own way no matter what, and making them feel comfortable within th e school environment. As well as helping each child to appreciate others around them whatever their religion, ethnical background etc. Ethos, Missions, Aims and Values are used in the everyday running of the school. They aim to make sure that the curriculum is met to a high standard.As well as making sure that the children are able to learn in a safe and secure environment. They also aim to make sure that the school meets their goals and objectives throughout the school year. The school will also intend to provide the children with the correct resources that will help them to become confident and individual learning, and also sure that they work with school governors to enable them to continually strive and enable them to be able to improve teaching and learning as part of research,, and provide good practice in education policies.The ways that the schools provides information on ethos,missions,aims and values can be through there brochures, which are avaliable on request to parent s, governors and OFSTED. They can also palce the information on the schools website which once more can be accesed by parents, governors etc. Schools can also provide this information at governors meetings which are held within the school. The schools can also provide the information at school events such as fetes as well as using the local media to get the information across, as well as denomination of mouth.Although not all parents, carers have access to the internet, which can stop them from gaining the information that they need, so they will cuss on the school events, local media and word of mouth from other parents, teachers etc. Some parents, carers may not be able to understand this information so may need someone to explain the gist of the information, in order for them to be able to understand. The effectiveness of these methods are useful as parents and governors are able to see what the school aims to achieve and how they are going to achieve their goals.Also parents and governors are able to see how this will affect the children, and how this will prepare them for adult life. They will also be able to see how these methods will meet the educational needs of the children, and how this will nurture the children, in a strong, safe and respected learning environment. Also this will help parents, carers who are unable understand the methods within a school, to feel valued, as teachers etc have taken the time to explain to them the effectiveness that ethos, missions, aims and values have within the school,From writing this assignment I can see how effective it is to have ethos, missions aims and values within a school, and how they help children to achieve the best education which will help them to achieve to the best of their abilities. In having these in place it will allow the school to have a strong structure in place, to help the school provide children and the community with a strong and safe environment.

Project Time and Quality Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Project Time and Quality - Coursework ExampleAlso, a visualise has a delineated product or service that it creates at a given point in time. This defines the uniqueness of projects in the world of business. Projects come with inherent issues and problems. First of all, a project is temporary and due to that, the team members and project stakeholders be not used to working with each other. In practical terms, most projects entail the collaboration between complete strangers who are unified by the need to work unneurotic to attain definite defined objectives. Secondly, a project aims at creating a condition deliverable and measurable end and this demands specified processes and activities that must be completed to attain this specific end. Also, projects involve resource constraints. This means that the time, budget and resources for the motion of the project are not infinite but limited. To ensure that these three issues are controlled and optimum results are attained from the project, there is the need for proper provision, co-ordination and observe (Woodward, 2009). In other words, there should be a plan that will ensure that all team members, irrespective of their diverse backgrounds can work together and attain the objectives of the project. Secondly, there is the need to use planning to ensure that the specific deliverable is created and created according to specification. Finally, there is the need to plan to ensure that resources are judiciously and optimally used for the attainment of the objectives of the research. Thus from the approach of a project, there is the need for the project plan to draw the bottom line or yardsticks and define the scope of the project. This should be spelt give away clearly in unambiguous terms and preferably in writing. Personally, I identify three main planning stages in projects. There is the initial planning phase, the possible planning stage and the supervise/corrective planning phase. These three planning stages are important in the proper management of projects in organisations. Initial Planning Phase Project Management is about initiating, planning, executing, monitoring and control and closing processes (Portny, 2010). However, for the attainment of all these stages of project management, there is the need for good planning and monitoring of the project. Project Management Plan is a document used to co-ordinate all the project planning documents and help guide the projects execution and control (Schwalbe, 2010). This means that the Project Management Plan is an integrated manage of documents that accommodates all the sub-plans of the project (Knutson, & Bitz, 2006). It is a centralised plan that includes all the various plans for the handling of issues pertaining to the project at hand. Aside being an integrated document, it contains certain centralised matters like the identification of project planning assumptions, decisions on choices and the definitions of resources and cons traints (Schwalbe, 2010). So the Project Management plan sets the benchmarks for operations and activities in a project. It identifies the yardsticks and defines Where We Are (WWR) and Where We Want to beat out (WW2G). It creates the standard measures for the various activities related to the project at hand. As it sets the standards for what must be achieved through the project, it spells out and clarifies stakeholder rights and responsibilities. In other words, the Project Manag